The Electronic Electrical Engineering Engineering Essay

The Electronic Electrical Engineering Essay Electronic electrical building consolidated with mechanical framework has a major effect in an assortment of field, for example, biomedical, submerged vehicle, wellbeing and security, space and so on. Before we really begin talking about the advantages and preferences that electronic and electrical designing gives us in our regular daily existence, lets have a few experiences of the historical backdrop of electronic building. Electronic designing as a calling sprang from innovative enhancements in theâ telegraphâ industry in the late 1800s and theâ radioâ and theâ telephoneâ industries in the mid 1900s. Individuals were pulled in to radio by the specialized interest it propelled, first in getting and afterward in transmitting. Numerous who went into broadcasting during the 1920s were just beginners in the period before World War I. The cutting edge control of electronic building was to an enormous degree conceived out of phone, radio, andâ televisionâ equipment improvement and the huge measure of electronic frameworks advancement during World War II of radar, sonar, correspondence frameworks, and propelled weapons and weapon frameworks. In the interwar years, the subject was known asâ radio engineeringâ and it was uniquely in the late 1950s that the termâ electronic engineeringâ started to develop. In submerged, electronic and electrical building is making a central showing in the advancement of submerged vehicle innovation, for example, submarine, remotely worked submerged vehicle, and all the more altogether, mechanized submerged vehicle. An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is an automated gadget that is passed through the water by an impetus framework, controlled and directed by a locally available PC, and flexibility in three measurements. This degree of control, under most ecological conditions, allows the vehicle to follow exact prearranged directions any place and at whatever point required. Sensors on board the AUV test the sea as the AUV travels through it, giving the capacity to make both spatial and time arrangement estimations. Sensor information gathered by an AUV is naturally geospatially and transiently referenced and ordinarily of predominant quality. Different vehicle overviews increment profitability, can guarantee satisfactory transient and spatial inspect ing, and give a methods for exploring the soundness of the sea in reality. The way that an AUV is ordinarily moving doesn't keep it from additionally filling in as a Lagrangian, or semi Eulerian, stage. This method of activity might be accomplished by programming the vehicle to quit pushing and buoy inactively at a particular profundity or thickness layer in the ocean, or to effectively dillydally close to an ideal area. AUVs may likewise be modified to swim at a steady weight or elevation or to change their profundity as well as heading as they travel through the water, so that undulating ocean saw review designs covering both vertical and additionally flat areas might be shaped. AUVs are likewise appropriate to perform long direct transects, ocean sawing through the water as they go, or going at a steady weight. They additionally give a profoundly gainful methods for performing ocean bottom overviews utilizing acoustic or optical imaging frameworks. When contrasted with other Lagrangian stages, AUVs become the apparatuses of decision as the requirement for control and sensor power increments. The AUVs advantage around there is accomplished to the detriment of continuance, which for an AUV is ordinarily on the request for 8-50 hours. Most vehicles can fluctuate their speed somewhere in the range of 0.5 and 2.5 m/s. The ideal speed and the relating most prominent scope of the vehicle happen when its inn load (all necessary force aside from impetus) is double the propulsive burden. For most vehicles, this happens at a speed close to 1.5 m/s. The level of self-sufficiency of the robot presents an intriguing polarity. Absolute independence doesn't give the client any input on the vehicles progress or wellbeing, nor does it give a methods for controlling or diverting the vehicle during a strategic. It does, be that as it may, free the client to perform different assignments, in this way enormously lessening operational expenses, as long as the vehicle and the administrator meet at their appropriately designated occasions toward the finish of the mission. For certain missions, complete self-rule might be the main decision; in different situations when the vehicle is playing out a standard strategic, might be the best method of activity. Bidirectional acoustic, radio recurrence, and satellite based correspondences frameworks offer the capacity to screen and divert AUV missions worldwide from a boat or from land. Therefore, semi-independent tasks offer particular preferences over completely self-governing activities. In the beginning of advancement of AUV, AUVs have been utilized for a set number of assignments directed by the innovation accessible. With the improvement of further developed handling abilities and high return power supplies, AUVs are presently being utilized for an ever increasing number of undertakings with jobs and missions continually advancing. Its application covers an assortment of field, for example, in business, military, research, just as pastime. In the business side, the oil and gas industry utilizes AUVs to portray out itemized maps of the ocean bottom before they begin building subsea framework; pipelines and subsea consummations can be introduced in the most savvy way with least interruption to the earth. The AUV permits study organizations to direct exact overviews or zones where customary bathymetric studies would be less powerful or excessively expensive. Likewise, post-lay funnel overviews are presently conceivable. While in the military field, AUV assumes a sign ificant job as an average military strategic an AUV is to delineate region to decide whether there are any mines, or to screen an ensured territory, (for example, a harbor) for new unidentified articles. AUVs are additionally utilized in hostile to submarine fighting, to help in the identification of kept an eye on submarines. Aside from that, researchers use AUVs to contemplate lakes, the sea, and the sea floor. An assortment of sensors can be joined to AUVs to quantify the convergence of different components or aggravates, the retention or impression of light, and the nearness of minute life. Sensors, the essentially oceanographic devices, AUVs convey sensors to explore independently and map highlights of the sea. Run of the mill sensors utilized by AUV includeâ compasses, profundity sensor, side sweep and other sonar, magnetometers,â thermistorsâ and conductivity probes. One of the most prominent commitments of electrical and electronic designing consolidated with mechanical framework is the route of AUV. AUVs can explore utilizing anâ underwater acoustic situating framework. An Underwater Acoustic Positioning Systemâ is a framework for the following and route of submerged vehicles or jumpers by methods for acoustic separation as well as bearing estimations, and resulting position triangulation. Submerged Acoustic Positioning Systems are generally utilized in a wide assortment of submerged work, including oil and gas exploration,â ocean sciences, rescue operations,â marine paleontology, law requirement and military exercises. Essentially, there are three wide sorts or classes that can be ordered in submerged acoustic situating framework. The first is Long Baseline (LBL) Systems: Long benchmark frameworks, utilize an ocean bottom standard transponder arrange. The transponders are regularly mounted toward the sides of the activities site. LBL frameworks yield exceptionally high exactness of by and large superior to 1 m and once in a while in the same class as 0.01m alongside extremely powerful positions. This is because of the way that the transponders are introduced in the reference casing of the work site itself (for example on the ocean bottom), the wide transponder dividing brings about a perfect geometry for position calculations, and the LBL framework works without an acoustic way to the (possibly far off) ocean surface. Acoustic situating frameworks measure positions comparative with a system ofâ baseline stations, which must be sent preceding tasks. On account of aâ long benchmark (LBL) system , a lot of at least three standard transponders are conveyed on the ocean bottom. The area of the gauge transponders eitherâ relative to each otherâ or in globalâ must then be estimated accurately. A few frameworks help this undertaking with an automatedâ acoustic self-overview, and in different cases GPS is used to build up the situation of every standard transponder as it is conveyed or after organization. At the point when a surface reference, for example, a help transport is available,â ultra-short baseline (USBL) orâ short-pattern (SBL) positioning is utilized to ascertain where the subsea vehicle is comparative with the known (GPS) position of the surface art by methods for acoustic range and bearing estimations. USBL frameworks and the related very short benchmark (SSBL) frameworks depend on a little (ex. 230â mm over), firmly which is introduced either as an afterthought or now and again on the base of a surface vessel. Dissimilar to LBL and SBL frameworks, which decide position by estimating different separations, the USBL transducer exhibit is utilized to quantify the targetâ distanceâ from the transducer shaft by utilizing signal run time, and the targetâ directionâ by estimating theâ phase shiftâ of the answer signal as observed by the individual components of the transducer cluster. The mix of separation and bearing fixes the situation of the followed target com parative with the surface vessel. Extra sensors including GPS, a gyro or electronic compass and a vertical reference unit are then used to make up for the changing position and direction (pitch, roll, and course) of the surface vessel and its transducer shaft. USBL frameworks offer the benefit of not requiring an ocean bottom transponder exhibit. The drawback is that situating exactness and power isn't comparable to for LBL frameworks. The explanation is that the fixed edge settled by a USBL framework means a bigger position mistake at more prominent separation. Likewise, the mult

Car Safety Features Essay

As vehicles and other engine vehicles get quicker, they become increasingly more perilous to utilize. While this is the situation, there are a wide range of strategies that makers have used to help forestall damage to their shoppers. These techniques include: air sacks, safety belts, antilock breaking frameworks and some more. These three highlights are by a wide margin the most regularly realized security highlights for vehicles, and essentially any new vehicle that is fabricated will have each of the three of these wellbeing highlights, not just as a result of the enthusiasm for protecting drivers yet in addition the as of late immense intrigue to wellbeing highlights and evaluations for vehicles. Safety belts Seat belts are by a long shot the most widely recognized security highlight among vehicles. Everybody comprehends what they are, been educated to consistently lock in, they decrease the danger of death by around half, and is unlawful to not be wearing one while going in a vehicle. Be that as it may, precisely do safety belts do? Safety belts secure drivers and travelers by tying them into their seat. This forestalls savage bastards brought about by either impacts or abrupt stops. The fundamental thought of safety belts is that they prevent you from flying out of the windshield of your vehicle. For what reason would this occur? It happens as a result of something many refer to as inactivity. Inactivity matter’s inclination to continue moving if it’s moving or continue remaining still if it’s remaining still, until it becomes affected by a power. Sort of like in the event that you get up in the first part of the day felling tired, you need to return to rest until you compel yourself to wake up. This is the means by which inactivity works. In the event that you were going in a vehicle at 60 kilometers for every hour, latency would imply that the vehicle, and everything inside it, would need to continue moving at 60 kilometers for each hour. On the off chance that the vehicle decelerates rapidly, maybe because of an accident, everything inside the vehicle will in any case be moving at 60 kilometers for each hour, yet the vehicle will hinder rapidly. On the off chance that you were not wearing a safety belt, you would travel advances at 60 kilometers for every hour and crash through your windshield. Since windshields are made of thick glass, colliding with it would handily execute you at a speed this way. In the event that you were wearing a safety belt in a circumstance like this, the safety belt goes about as a power to prevent you from moving advances, significantly diminishing the effect of the latency. The most normally referred to sort of safety belt is known as the three-point safety belt, which can be seen on the right. The three-point safety belt is quite often utilized in vehicles and transports. The three-point safety belt works by having a piece of texture over your hip, yet in addition over your entire middle. The safety belt has three focuses, two of them being incorporated with the vehicle, and the third point being the place the safety belt secures, henceforth the name three-point safety belt. Air Bags Another exceptionally normal type of traveler security is the air sack. Air sacks are essentially exactly what they’re called. They are packs and get loaded up with air during an accident, forestalling the driver/traveler from hitting their head onto the dashboard. Much like safety belts, they endeavor to diminish the effect of dormancy to forestall injury, by preventing the passenger’s head from pushing ahead. Air sacks have three parts that work as one to work accurately: the accident sensor, the inflator, and the air pack itself. The accident sensor is a gadget that distinguishes the power that is equivalent to or more noteworthy than crashing into a block divider at 16 to 24 kilometers for every hour. On the off chance that this power is met, the accident sensor sends an order to the inflator. The inflator at that point makes a response between sodium azide (NaN3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) to make nitrogen gas (NO3). The inflator powers this gas into the airbag, cause the pack to blow up. The pack is made of a slight nylon texture, which is collapsed into a compartment in both the guiding haggle the dashboard, and more often than not the seat or entryway. Stopping automation (ABS) Many mishaps are cause by brakes being applies excessively, bolting up the haggles the vehicle to slip. ABS attempts to keep the wheel from locking up and causing the vehicle to lose control. There are 4 segments to ABS frameworks: speed sensors, the siphon, valves and the controller. The speed sensors give data to the controller of what speed the vehicle is going at, they are normally situated at the wheels. There is a valve in every one of the brakes constrained by the ABS. There are three distinct places that the valves can be in: the valve being open, hindering the break line and discharging pressure structure the brakes. Since valves discharge the weight from the brakes, there should be something that returns the weight in. That’s there the siphon come in. At the point when a valve diminishes the weight in the brakes, the siphons are there to return the weight in the slowing mechanism. Lastly, there is the controller. The controller is a PC put some place in the vehicle. The controller just controls how the speed sensors, the siphons and the valve work. ABS works by identifying hen brakes are applied to hard, and starts to kill the brakes on and by removing and re-applying the weight on them. This stops the wheels on the vehicles from locking up, and more often than not prevents the vehicle from slipping.

Blog Archive Ending Your MBA Internship on the Right Foot

Blog Archive Ending Your MBA Internship on the Right Foot In this new blog series, our mbaMission  Career Coaches  offer invaluable advice and industry-related news to help you actively manage your career. Topics include building your network, learning from mistakes and setbacks, perfecting your written communication, and mastering even the toughest interviews. To schedule a free half-hour consultation with one of our mbaMission Career Coaches,  click here. With many MBA internships winding down in the next week or two, we wanted to offer a few pieces of advice on how to end your experience on a positive note: Perform at 100% until the last day of your internship. Continue to show the firm that you are a valuable asset who can contribute to the organization and who is passionate about the business. Along with your manager, determine who will take over your work, and then ensure the transition goes smoothly by setting up meetings and documenting your work to date. Seek final feedback on your performance. Understand your strengths and areas for improvement as well as where things stand regarding your chances of receiving a full-time job offer. (Note: Not all companies plan to extend full-time offers at the end of internships, but you should know how the firm evaluated your performance and any next steps for keeping in touch about the potential for future opportunities.) Thank your co-workers, manager, MBA recruiter, and any key advocates for supporting you throughout your internship. If people went out of their way to help you acclimate to your new role, you may even want to express your appreciation to them via email or by leaving a handwritten note on their desk. Consider inviting your colleagues to connect on LinkedIn. Of course, before you do so, ensure you have updated your LinkedIn profile with your internship details. (You can find tips on creating a strong LinkedIn profile here.) We hope that your internship was enjoyableâ€"or at least that it helped you gain new skills and informed your thinking on your full-time career goals. As you prepare to return to campus and potentially engage in full-time recruiting, consider reaching out to see how an mbaMission Career Coach can help. Have you been admitted to business school? If so, do you want to get a head start on defining your career goals? Do you need help preparing for job interviews or learning how to effectively network with your target employers? Or maybe you want to be a top performer in your current role but are unsure how to maximize your potential. Let an mbaMission Career Coach help via a  free 30-minute consultation! Share ThisTweet Career Advice

Capital Punishment and the Media - 1249 Words

Capital Punishment and the Media Xavier Mendez Professor Collica JUS110 September 12, 2011 Capital Punishment and the Media In today’s society, the capital punishment known as the death penalty has played a major role in the criminal justice system. It has brought important debates to the national attention in every aspect to whether end the lives of criminals. With the intense media coverage, it raised high standards on disputes on high profile cases such as serial killers. The attention given by the media towards capital punishment attracts the public own opinions. As a result, they’re views of the media and society allows them to form important issues of impact on the debate of the capital punishment The majority of†¦show more content†¦59). As you can see the political influences on public, it also sets the role on media. However, the criminal justice system is now more defenseless than ever to change the public frame of mind and political reaction as well. To be aware of the existing political and social circumstances of punishment, in regards to the capital punishment, it is necessary to look at both in relation to the media. With the attractions of the media, there are public opinion polls which provided the society’s attitudes about the death penalty. The resulting surveys show that the public support for the capital punishment had risen and fall greatly over the past years. During the 1970s, when the capital punishment began to make its executions, an increased fear of violence in crime, the public supported 60 percent favoring executions (Von Drehle, 2006, p. 83). However, the public support of capital punishment continued to rise in the next decade. According to the General Social Survey, the favor of capital punishment was nearly 80 percent in 1994 (Von Drehle, 2006, p. 83). The public opinion regarding the death penalty would follow a decrease support over the time. In 2006, the polls dropped to 55 percent, usually because of the questioning of fairness and equality in the cases indicating if the criminal is innocent or not (Von Drehle, 2006, p. 84). While seeing the result from above, the media has been the primary source for determining the public opinion to whether or not toShow MoreRelatedContemporary Political Statement1241 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch design. For example, the topic capital punishment and its relationship with age are designed to discover whether age correlates with electing harsh punishments for crimes. The preliminary hypothesis that aged people are more likely to support capital punishment than the younger generation is crucial to defining the relationship between variables. That is, the independent variable age affects the dependent variable the support for capital punishment. In this way, the conclusiveness of theRead MoreCapital Punishment And Its Effect On Society1425 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment has been a topic of debate since it was reinstated in 1976. Some say that in a free society, capital punishment is an unnecessary form of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of our constitution. Others claim that capital pu nishment serves the primary purpose of deterring crime and punishing society’s most homicidal offenders. The biggest question when it comes to capital punishment is, is it worth it? Does Capital punishment have a deterrent effect on society? Or does itRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Inevitable1629 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment is inevitable in a world that judges one’s every move. Common decisions turn into tendencies and tendencies turn into life choices that construed a life forever. For centuries people have faced execution for crimes which were considered to be horrendous. A system that has remained in our judicial system since the first execution in 1606 (deathpenalty.org). As of 2015 execution is only recognized as a form of correction in 31 states throughout the U.S. To ensure justice crimes are punishedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment1414 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment is a heated topic in today’s America. Capital punishment is the repercussion of a capital crime; most capital crimes committed in America are murders. The crime of murder can be punishable by the death penalty. A great way to stop future killing from happening is capital punishment but it is only currently allowed in 32 of the 50 states. Murder in America is at such a high rate that there needs to be something done to help stop the climbing rate. In Edward Koch’s essay â€Å"Death andRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Wrongful Convictions980 Words   |  4 Pagesages. An issue often brought up when discussing the legality of capital punishment is wrongful convictions. Advocates of the death penalty say that, while wrongful convictions are an issue, those few cases do not outweigh the need for lawful execution of felons who are, without a doubt, guilty. On the other hand, the opponents argue that the death penalty is wrong from both a legal and moral standpoint, an ineffective form of punishment, and should, ultimately, be outlawed. Wit h both advocates andRead MoreShould There be a Capital Punishment in Kazakhstan?862 Words   |  3 Pages Capital punishment or execution is the legal process of putting a person to death as a punishment for committed crime. The death penalty is legal in many countries as Iran, USA, China, India and Sudan. However, other countries, including Kazakhstan, find it cruel and violent. This essay indicates are there more benefits or drawbacks in using capital punishment in Kazakhstan. This research will begin by evaluating the social factors of capital punishment then it will proceed to investigate theRead MoreThe Death Penalty And The Impacts On Society1540 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath penalty was also known as â€Å"capital punishment†. Capital punishment is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime.† Some people may disagree with these two terms being used together, as Capital punishment is the act of execution and the death penalty is the possibility of a death sentence being given. This is a governmentally accepted practice that is used upon criminals who are put to death as punishment for a crime. The crimes for a deathRead MoreCriminals Are Rational Decision Makers1541 Words   |  7 Pagespyromania). I would not live in a society where crime rates are low because of extreme punishments. Punishment should fit the crime. Punishment doesn’t always deter criminals from committing crime because they will always find a way around the harsh punishments. Under the view offender-specific, offenders also gauge the level of risk and expected punishment before acting. Living in a society with harsh punishments might raise stress level and unintentionally people will act with their emotions similarRead MoreA Liberal Perspective On Capital Punishment1247 Words   |  5 PagesPerspective on Capital Punishment The liberal ideology is based in the values of individualism, in that the individual themselves is important in their pursuit and struggle for freedom. There are some factors that are common in liberalism, some of which include: liberty, formation of equality and dominance of individuals in bearing within their society. This essay will discuss these ideas of liberalism in relation to how they support the controversial issue of capital punishment. Capital punishment is theRead More Capital Punishment Is Not Only Unusual, But Cruel Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment is Not Only Unusual, But Cruel nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The most widely known aspect of the eighth amendment is the fact that it prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Cruel and unusual punishment is perceived as punishment that causes â€Å"an unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain† (Bailey). Is capital punishment cruel and unusual? It is one of the most controversial topics in America today. In effect since the 1600s, the US Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was

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Us Accounting Standards vs. International Accounting...

United States Accounting Standards vs International Accounting Standards June 21, 2009 Introduction This research project will inform the reader of the difference between the United States accounting standards and International accounting standards. The United States uses the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to issue financial reporting procedures. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). There are proposals for the United States to adopt the International standards. Financial reporting procedures are debated about the United States using the Generally Accepted Accounting Procedures (GAAP) or following the global procedures. This†¦show more content†¦David Bogoslaw (2008) talks about the convergence in further detail, â€Å"The uproar over fair value accounting practices, which some critics have blamed for the depths of the global financial crisis, threatens to sink a long-sought move by countries around the world toward a single set of international financial reporting standa rds (IFRS). The U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has been working with Londons International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) since 2002 toward what accounting professionals call convergence. The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) is expected to announce its road map for conversion sometime this month, which will probably include early adoption in 2010 for about 110 of the largest U.S. companies with business operations throughout the world. The key difference between U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and IFRS is that U.S. standards are based on explicit rules while the international standards reliance on principles gives companies more room to use their judgment in deciding how to recognize revenue and other key metrics. Adoption of IFRS would also probably trigger a big tax hike for U.S. companies, which would no longer be able to use the last-in-first-out [LIFO] inventory accounting method, which doesnt exist under the international standar ds. The LIFO method assumes that goods purchased most recently are sold first and that theShow MoreRelatedInternational Financial Reporting Standards vs US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles1709 Words   |  7 PagesSecurities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a road map for the United States (US) to implement International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that would eventually lead to the dissolution of US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) (Cox 2008). US GAAP is rules based system of accounting that contains over 25,000 detailed pages of guidance, whereas IFRS is a principles based system of accounting that contains 2,500 pages of guidance. IFRS allows accountants to exercise professionalRead MoreWhere Does the Us Stand on the Adoption of Ifrs?1371 Words   |  6 PagesReport: Where does the US stand on the adoption of IFRS? - 2012 Abstract The globalization of markets over the past 50 years has led to the demand for increasingly comparable financial statements across countries. In response to this demand, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was formed with the purpose of developing a set of high quality global accounting standards. Although a majority of developed markets have adopted the international standards, the United States has not. Read MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board1249 Words   |  5 Pageschallenged by disparate accounting standards between jurisdictions, preventing the free flow of capital worldwide. The mission of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is to develop a single set of accounting standards, enabling capital to flow in international markets as easily as information spreads between people. This paper presents a brief history of international accounting standard setting and the IASB, considers arguments for and against international standards, anal yzes problemsRead MoreWhy the U.S Should Not Adopt Ifrs1551 Words   |  7 Pagesdeciding on whether to fully adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), or to stay with the current U.S Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Since this is such a major decision, now would be an opportune time to take a look at what the pros and cons would be of switching to this new way of financial reporting, and in doing so, show why I believe the costs (both financial and otherwise) are too high to adopt a new set of reporting standards. Purpose and Scope The purposeRead MoreIfrs Adoption in the Us - White Paper1463 Words   |  6 Pagescountries around the world already permit or even require public companies to use the new International Financial Accounting Standards IFRS. Among them are the EU, China, Russia, and Brazil. Canada and Korea are expected to adopt IFRS by 2012; Mexico will require all listed companies to adopt IFRS in 2012 (http://www.ifrs.com/ifrs_faqs.html#q1). The U.S., despite a strong initial reluctance to adopt the new standards, are currently working toward a convergence of U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The SEC recently approvedRead MoreDefining Fair Value Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesthe application of the IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors is required to the company or auditors for fair value guidance in other standards (IFRS, Developing common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in IFRSs and US GAAP, 2010). Now that is a section that I have not investigated into. With the time given, one would have to spend long hours studying all the regulations and standards just as understanding Tax accounting. There is always somethingRead MoreASR 21637 Words   |  7 PagesBUSINESS CONVERGED STANDARD ON REVENUE RECOGNITION IFRS 15-REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS By LE, DOAN YEN NHI 11809946 Word count: 1000 (excluding executive summary and reference) Due date: 18th May 2015, 5 pm Executive summary On May 2014, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) had jointly issue the converged standard, IFRS 15, on the Recognition of Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new standard create a commonRead MoreAccounting Theory -Harmonization of Standards2779 Words   |  12 PagesHarmonization of International Accounting Standards Contents A. Introduction Objective.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 B. Why Harmonization of international accounting standards required†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 C. Factors influencing any Country’s Accounting Standards†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 D. Role of International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 E. Moving towards Harmonized International Accounting Standard†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 F. Obstacles and Benefits of the harmonization of International Accounting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreConvergence of Ifrs and Us Gaap15636 Words   |  63 PagesAccountancy Honours Dissertation – Year 2012/2013 Author: David Mcconnell Title: ‘A critical analysis into the convergence of IFRS and US GAAP in the United States’ â€Å"I declare that this dissertation is my own original work and has not been submitted elsewhere, wholly or partly, in the fulfilment of the requirements of this or any other award. Academic citation standards have been maintained and I have made due acknowledgement to the work of others where used in direct quotation and general referenceRead MoreTest Bank Hilton Herauf Modern Ad77200 Words   |  309 Pages- Test Bank - Solution Manual Please visit our website : http://www.needbook1.com/ or contact us at Ebooksmtb@hotmail.com Also you can contact us on Skype: Ebooksmtb Hilton Herauf – Modern Advanced Accounting in Canada – 6th Edition Chapter 1 – A Survey of International Accounting PART 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following would not be a reason to obtain a greater understanding of accounting practices in other nations? a. Financial Results are disclosed in different currencies. b. One

History of the Death Penalty in Arizona free essay sample

The chamber itself was a scaffold and, in the floor, a trap door was constructed through which the bodies of the hanged fell into a room below. Death sentences have been carried out in Florence since 1910. Jose Lopez was the first individual executed by hanging at Florence on January 5, 1910. On Aug. 1, 1909, Lopez argued with Maria Espinoza, who owed his father $8. After Espinoza did not pay the debt, Lopez left the woman’s home, and later returned with a shotgun, While Espinoza and her seven children were sleeping. One of Espinoza’s sons heard Lopez enter the house, jumped out of bed and yelled. When Espinoza awoke to the commotion, Lopez shot and killed her. After the execution of Jose Lopez, 8 more individuals were executed. On December 8th 1916, an initiative measure went into effect eliminating the death penalty as punishment for convictions of first degree murder. The death penalty was restored December 5, 1918. We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Death Penalty in Arizona or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nineteen executions by hanging occurred between April 16, 1920 and June 20, 1931. The first execution by lethal gas was carried out when two brothers, Manuel and Fred Hernandez, were executed at 5:00 a. m. on July 6, 1934. Lethal gas was used until 1962 when there was a period of 40 years with no executions. The new method of execution acquired by History of the death penalty in Arizona 2 Arizona was lethal injection, however if the crime was committed prior to November 23rd 1992 the death row inmate may choose either lethal gas, or lethal injection. The last prisoner executed by lethal gas was Walter B. LaGrand on March 3, 1999. There are currently 125 inmates currently on death row in Arizona. Below is the breakdown by ethnicity. Ethnic Origin|   | ASIAN| 2| BLACK| 15| CAUCASIAN| 78| MEXICAN AMERICAN| 24| MEXICAN NATIONAL| 1| NATIVE INDIAN| 3| OTHER| 2| | of these individuals 122 are males and 3 of them are female. Besides these three woman awaiting execution there has only been one woman in Arizona ever executed. Eva Dugan was executed by hanging on February 21, 1930, and remains the only legally executed woman to this day. The last inmate Executed in Arizona was INMATE 067151 COMER ROBERT, C. On February 3, 1987, Comer and his girlfriend, Juneva Willis, were at a campground near Apache Lake. They invited Larry Pritchard, who was at the campsite next to theirs, to have dinner and drinks with them. Around 9:00 p. m. Comer shot Pritchard in the head, killing him. He and History of the death penalty in Arizona 3 Willis then stole Pritchards belongings. Around 11: 00 p. m. , Comer and Willis went to a campsite occupied by Richard Brough and Tracy Andrews. Comer stole their property, hogtied Brough to a car fender, and then raped Andrews in front of Brough. Comer and Willis then left the area, taking Andrews with them, but leaving Brough behind. Andrews escaped the next morning and ran for 23 hours before finding help. Willis pled guilty to kidnapping and testified against Comer. Since March 2000, Comer has been attempting to withdraw his federal appeals so he can be executed. The Ninth Circuit Court granted his request in early 2007. For Comer’s last meal he had fried okra, 4 buns, lots of butter, lots of salt, and 2 slices of banana bread. He was executed on May 22, 2007. Hoping to receive a little extra credit I did some research on the county of Maricopa and the very popular Sheriff Joe Arpio whether it is good or bad publicity. Just like anything else there are two sides to every story, and Sheriff Joe Arpio is not immune to either. Sheriff Arpio created a program that provides unique access into the controversial world of Tent City, where the sheriff and his men rule with an iron fist. Hes put men and women into grueling chain gangs; legalized Wild West style posses; built a 1,200+ person prison out of Korean war tents and razor wire in the baking Arizona desert, dressed inmates into black and white striped clothing and pink underwear, given guards use of 75,000 volt electric stun guns,, and with an 85% approval rating in the county proudly boasts of being on the leading edge of law enforcement and incarceration. On a separate page I listed all the different methods he is using. History of the death penalty in Arizona 4 Sheriff Arpio has also taken a lot of backlash from the public, and different agencies; including, the Justice Department which alleges he is violating the inmates civil rights. On April 11, 2013 an explosive was mailed to his office in Maricopa County, fortunately, the explosive was intercepted. From 2004 through November 2007, Arpaio was the target of 2,150 lawsuits in  U. S. District Court  and hundreds more in Maricopa County courts, with more than $50 million in claims being filed,   50 times as many prison-conditions lawsuits as the New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston jail systems combined. Allegations of cruel treatment of inmates as well as living conditions have been cited by  Amnesty International  in a report issued on the treatment of inmates in Maricopa County facilities. It is very difficult to find many statistics on Sheriff Joe, but I did find

Supply Chain Management Essay Example

Supply Chain Management Essay Supply Chain Management SYSTEMS of SQUARE PHARMACEUTICALS LTD. Prepared by William Dhali ID No # M 073506 MBA 29th Batch Prepared for Mr. Mahmud Zubayer Internship Supervisor Date: May 28, 2010 Supply Chain Management SYSTEMS of SQUARE PHARMACEUTICALS LTD. Prepared by William Dhali ID No # M 073506 MBA 29th Batch Prepared for Mr. Mahmud Zubayer Internship Supervisor Date: May 28, 2010 28th May of 2010 Mr. Mahmud Zubayer Internship Supervisor Subject: Submission of Internship Report Dear Sir, Here is the internship report that I was assigned by you. The subject of the paper is â€Å"Supply Chain Management†. A study on Square Pharmaceuticals Limited. You have asked me to write the topic as a practical requirement for the MBA program. This is for the first time I have experienced working in an organization I would like to thank you for giving such an eye opening experience. The paper is prepared in four parts-the first part is on report introductory text, the second part is an overview of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited, the third part is on the marketing activities of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. It is to mention here that I have tried to the best of my sincerity to uphold the prestige of International Islamic University Chittagong giving wholehearted effort in preparing this report. I am grateful to you for this assignment. It has been an excellent learning experience for me tried my best to present it up to your expectation. I am ready to answer any of your queries. Sincerely, ___________ William Dhali ID: MO73506 To Whom It May Concern: We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is to certify that the Dissertation title â€Å"Competitive Marketing Strategies and Practice of Pharmaceutical Products in Bangladesh: A Study on Square Pharmaceuticals Limited† is the authentic record of the thesis work done by Mr. William Dhali, Matric No. M073506 as fulfillment of the recruitments of the degree of Masters of Business Administration (MBA), Major in Marketing from International Islamic University Chittagong, Dhaka Campus. The dissertation has been carried out under my guidance and is a record of the authentic work carried out with success. ______________ Mahmud Zubayer Internship Supervisor ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the very beginning, I acknowledge the immeasurable blessings profound kindness of Almighty Allah-the supreme authority of the universe. I express my heartfelt thanks to my organizational supervisor Mr. Darren John Quiah, Manager, Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited and Mr. Mahbubur Rahman, Sr. Sales Manager who assigned me with this project extended valuable advice time-to-time during writing the report. I express my gratitude to Mr. Anjan Kumer Paul, General Manager of Human Resources who extended his helping hand to me in providing necessary information. Most importantly, I express heartfelt thanks gratitude to my Faculty Advisor, Mr. Mahmud Zubayer, MBA Program, International Islamic University Chittagong, for his invaluable advice guidance in writing this Report __________ William Dhali ID: M073506 I n d e x introduction IntroductionPage Executive Summery†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 09 Background of the Study10 Statement of the Problem10 Objective of the Study11 Rationale of the Study12 Chapter : 1 1. Introduction to Supply Chain Management (SCM) Introduction13 Necessity of Supply Chain Management14 Requirement of a successful 14 . Objectives of SCM 1. 2. 1Timely execution of all demands15 1. 2. 2Vendor enlistment selection16 1. 2. 3Value addition18 1. 2. 4Future development forecasting18 1. 2. 5Forecasting19 3. Source of Information methodology 1. 3. 1Populat ion and Sample20 1. 3. 2Data Collection21 1. 3. 3Procedure of Data Analysis21 4. History of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 1. 4. 1Corporate History of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 22 1. 4. 2Corporate operational results23 1. 4. 3Mission Vision and Objective of SQUARE Pharma. 25 1. 4. 4Ten principles of global compact (UN)25 1. 4. Critical Events of SQUARE26 1. 4. 6Profile – Capital Structure28 1. 4. 7Square is different29 5. Limitation of the Study in SCM†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 30 Chapter : 2 2. Profile of Square pharmaceuticals Ltd. Introduction31 Background32 Vision32 Mission32 Objectives32 Corporate focus33 Square quality policy33 Export33 Present global market34 Ten Principles of global compact (UN)35 Square strive for35 Corporate socialization 37 Chapter : 3 3. Supply Chain Management – In operations (A)Current Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for local 38 (B)Current Standard Operating Proce dure (SOP) for Foreign 39 Chapter : 4 4. Supply Chain Management – In Management Introduction to supply chain management40 Relation of Supply Chain Management with other department41 Difference between Commercial and Consumer Acquisition43 Flexibility, Inventory and Customer Services43 Eight basics of supply chain management44 Responsibilities44 Summary46 Chapter : 5 5. Findings, conclusion and recommendation . Findings47 . Recommendations47 . Conclusion48 Reference Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦48 Questioner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 48 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SPLSquare Pharmaceuticals Limited RLRenata Limited BPLBeximco Pharmaceuticals Limited NPMNet Profit Margin NOMNet Operating Margin ROEReturn on Equity EPSEarning Per Share DPSDividend per Share D/PDividend Pay-out Ratio P/EPrice Earning Ratio PATProfit after Tax GPMGross Profit Margin ROAReturn on Total Assets ROEReturn on Equity EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Internship is an important part of completing the graduation in business studies. Internship can help the student to fulfill acquire practical knowledge about his or her particular learning. For the two years MBA program, Internship is a major requirement for sharing knowledge of the students. As a requirement for the MBA program I need to do the internship in any organization that well reputed in this field. As a major in Marketing student I have got Involved with a well-established pharmaceuticals company name Square Pharmaceuticals Limited. My Internship Report writing â€Å"Supply Chain Management† A Study on Square Pharmaceuticals Limited†. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a recognized medicine manufacturing and as well as marketing not only our country but also all over the world. They manufactured many essential and life savings medicine for the people. In the year 2009 the Sales of SPL is BDT. 30 Core Market share average -15. 89 % Sales growth over 2010 – 19. 14% It shows that the marketing performance of SPL is growing up in the domestic market. Background of the Study This report is a part of my academic program as our MBA Program requires 60 credit hours to complete the degree. It is actually complementary report writing on one of the major su bjects of final semester. My course instructor assigned me to write report titled as Study on Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. I believe that this study helped me more specifically to applying my two years acquired knowledge. This report writing helped me to understand wider range about the departmental environment and individuals’ behavior as well. This program helped me for getting practical work and giving the opportunity to adjust the theoretical knowledge with the practical experience. So, I want to give my heartiest thanks to my supervisor Mr Darren John Quiah, Manager (Local) to give me such an opportunity to show my capability and aptitude in this relevant area. As He has given me upto date information, approved documentation about the department and the organization. Statement of the problem This report is prepared on the basis of evolutionary concept acquired through the academic knowledge on the inventory management, supply chain management (SCM) and the performance measurement of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Here all of the effort is concerned on the supply chain management and inventory concept of planning. To analyze some key success factors like, Human Resource Management, SCM, Inventory management etc. were the relevant considerations. Material Requirement Planning (MRP) and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) are considered for inventory planning. To get some practical idea about the inventory management issue and supply chain management is the prime issue for this effort. Inventory plays a significant role for any manufacturing organization’s performance. Significant portion of total amount held in the financial statement for this inventory. It was really a great opportunity to get the idea of inventory management as SQUARE is the leading manufacturing company in Bangladesh. There was really a multi dimensional aspect to analyze the process. Moreover this report is prepared considering the secondary data from the financial report to analyze the performance over last 5 years. Factors relating to the performance are the key issue is the important consideration to prepare this reports. To find the relation in consideration of inventory and financial performance is also important. Objectives of the Study The objectives of this study mainly consider multi-way aspects. Organization is interested to know the activities of supply chain management procedure and the objectives can be stated as follows: ? To apply acquired knowledge. ? To comment in the overall performance of SQUARE by the analysis of financial data. ? To get the overall idea about the total supply chain anagement of SPL. ? To know about the flow of inventory and the flow of documentation for SPL in each inventory. ? To increase the analytical capability in the area of supply chain management issues. ? To understand receive and issue procedure of materials. ? To understand the documentation process of SCM. ? To add new rules/systems on the overall process of top management. Rational of the Study Th is study is important for overall supply chain measurement (SCM) in any kinds of manufacturing organization. Supply chain management plays a significant role in value addition for an organization. Current business world is very much concerned to make supply chain management independent for their success. Businesses are very much competitive for acquiring greater market share or making profit in the long term. In considering this, supply chain management is also deeply important area for business promotion. Weak supply chain may hamper the total inventory process eventual production rating can be reduced. This study is important for both in academic point of view and for the professional. Moreover, organization is very much curious about the analysis of Supply Chain Success and inventory planning. Performance measurement is also important for the organizational view. So this is important for both sides to get the idea of inner side of operation. I have tried to find out the supply chain most rationally of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Chapter: 1 Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd. 1. Introduction: Formally designed Commercial Department has been renamed as â€Å"Supply Chain Management† (SCM) in Mid July 2007. When only one Manager was guiding as Head of the Department but there was no gap for monitoring the officers’ activities. SCM started its journey with wider functions as a result it would divide into two folds – . Local Purchase b. International Trade Manager for the new section take responsibility to supervise activities more effectively and efficiently. Number of potential individuals have joined in SCM who are doing there jobs with total satisfaction. DGM is guiding works of both the sections and Executive Director (Admin) is monit oring advising overall activities monitoring. SCM has recently generated new SOP considering present work volume and business environment. And DGM is getting to the point all out support and cooperation of Manager – International Trade and Manager – Local Purchase. Presently about 42 people are working in SCM. SCM is the integrated part of some major objectives which are involved some functions and activities include cost-saving strategy, forecasting, purchasing, inventory management, information management, quality assurance, perfect scheduling, timely delivery, and vendors satisfaction. SCM of all Organizations deals with supply on the basis of demand. The higher the demand, the higher the supply activities are. 1. 2Why Supply Chain management is needed? A number of factors made it desirable for Square Pharmaceuticals to manage SCM actively. Major factors are: ) Need to improve operational activities 2) Need to increase the level of outsourcing 3) Need to manage inventories more effectively 4) Ensure to meet up demand in time 5) Decrease transportation cost supply risk Above factors help SCM to be effective include lower cost, lower inventories, higher productivity, shorter lead time, higher profits and greater customer loyalty. 1. 3Requirem ent for a successful Successful SCM required trust among the team members, effective communication, Supply Chain visibility, event management capability, problem solving power, leading power, and performance merits. Trust: It is essential in every manufacturing organization SCM to build trust among each other, and feel confident, will take such decisions that would make ultimate benefit. Effective communication: Effective SCM requires integrated technology and standardized ways and means of communicating among all the team members Supply chain visibility: A major trading partners can connect to its supply chain to access data in real time. Event Mgt capability: Ability to detect and respond to unexpected and unplanned events, like delayed shipment, defect goods, etc. An event mgt have to have four capabilities: Monitoring overall systems, notifying if certain planned or unplanned events occur, simulating potential solutions, and measuring long-term performance of suppliers, transport and other SCM partners. Performance Merits: To confirm SCM is functioning as expected or if there are problems that must be addressed with in a very shortest possible time. Successful SCM requires cooperation among team members, in planning, coordination of activities, information sharing which in turn help to achieve the common goal of the department. 2. Objectives Mission Statement of Supply Chain Management Department: Ensure supply chain management activities in effective and efficient manner with satisfactory growth. Some most important department objectives are depicted below: 1. Timely execution of all demands 2. Vendor Enlistment Selection 3. VALUE Addition 4. Future Development Forecasting 5. Forecasting 1. 2. 1 Timely execution of all demands Timely execution of the production, sales and logistics demands by supplying of materials. We have to study of the below mentioned questions and to take action on the basis of the answers we get. What and for which department is required? The requirement of the product is determined here. How much is required? The required quantity of the product is identified here. When it is required? Within which time period the product is required it is determined here. Where should it be delivered? The expected delivery time is estimated here. How should it be transported? The transport facility is identified here. How should it be quality tested? The quality assurance is satisfied here What other information does my supplier need? The peripheral information about the supplier is given here. Who will be assigned the job? Work starts by assigning job to the Individual To achieve above objectives, our action mechanism is as follows: ? Standard Operating Procedure: We perform our activities through SOP in every aspect of SCM field and modify considering situation. ? Follow up and correction: We keep close tough in order to get the work smooth and to measure problem. If any problem is arisen take necessary action to resolve it. 1. 2. 2 Vendor Enlistment Selection: Request suppliers to submit their price offer with professional documents. Supply Chain Management must ask all suppliers to submit the following one or all documentary evidences: †¢ Attested copy of the valid Trade License †¢ Reference List of works †¢ Any other documentary evidence (e. g. financial statement, list of machinery used in production and quality assurance) If the specification and documentary evidences found satisfactory, send the specification of the supplier to the board of selection committee for comments. Send the proposal to Supply Chain Management department with noted comments. Arrange to audit (if desired by the management) the suppliers premises along ith the representative from other concerned departments as deemed necessary and conduct the audit as per SOP for Auditing Local Suppliers and records the findings in Local Supplier (Packaging Materials). If the audit report, (where applicable) quoted price and quality of the specimen found satisfactory then Supply Chain Management Department shall approve the supplier and place the name of the supplier in Approved Supplier List. Share the Approved Supplier List with Executive Director (Admin). Major objectives of Audit are: ? Assess supplier’s premises, size of business. Volume of items usually deal ? Rate verification review: We compare negotiate rates based on our data entry records. ? Market audit: Immediately after purchase we perform market audit with separate personnel / other than purchaser to verify purchased rates. 1. 2. 3VALUE Addition Value Addition is possible only by analyzing the value chain activities. Because Value chain is a concept from business management that was first described and popularized by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. A high-level model of how businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the raw materials through various processes, and sell finished products to the potential customers. This is a series of activities, which combined, define a business process; the series of activities from manufacturers to the retail stores that define as Value Chain†. Products pass through all activities of the chain in order and at each activity the product gains some value. The chain of activities gives the products more added value than the sum of added values of all activities. It is important not to mix the concept of the value chain with the costs occurring throughout the activities. A diamond cutter can be used as an example of the difference. The cutting activity may have a low cost, but the activity adds much of the value to the end product, since a rough diamond is significantly less valuable than a cut diamond. 1. 2. 4Future Development Forecasting We review all documents and update if required. We share updated documents with respective management representatives. One of the important tasks is to determine how much of a certain good is required. Demand generally changes over time, as a result of evolving requirements. If a buyer does not try to determine expected demand as carefully as possible, then the quantities purchased are likely to deviate substantially from what is actually needed. Sometimes buyers will also require long-term estimates of bulk items– e. g. for the next 1 year or more –when negotiating long term contracts will suppliers. In addition, stock replenishment systems require estimates of demand in order to calculate requirements in the supply lead-time to determine safety stocks and order quantities. Square Pharmaceuticals has their own research and development department which is an integral part of supply chain management. From the estimation of market demand logistician of this company take strategic decision regarding supply chain. 1. 2. 5Forecasting In some cases, future demand of purchase items will be known as precisely, for instance if it is based on a company’s firm contracts to deliver certain goods or services that it sells over a given period of time. Purchase †¢ Specification specifying the required material with quantity †¢ Specifying the delivery requirements Specifying supplier service /responsiveness †¢ Specifying the required service In most cases, however, the future demand for an item is not known, and it will be necessary to use a forecast of one kind or another. SCM has explored different ways to forecast demand. These methods can be used to forecast not only operational requirements for production, but also internal operational demand as well. The methods to forecast demand that Square follows are given below: †¢ To forecast the market demand Square takes expert opinion this involves consulting people with experience and expertise for their opinions. They analyze the scenario and make comments over it. †¢ To test Market Square follows to predict the demand first. This requires identifying a sample or service is aimed at, and conducting trial sales for a limited period of time to ascertain likely demand through different types of quantitative analysis like time series analysis, causal methods are used to forecast the market demand. Through using computer based materials planning system like materials requirement planning, distributed resource planning, enterprise resource planning are used to predict the demand. They also determine different market trends of each product and through comparing the trend line to actual demand they calculate base seasonal variations. 1. 3Source of Information Methodology ? Population and Sample ? Data Collection Procedure ? Procedure of Data Analysis 1. 3. 1 Population and Sample To continue this report, population is considered the annual report published from the enlisted period of this company. Moreover, sample is taken for the last eight years for information gathering and analyzing the performance of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Sample selection procedure was not considered as per research methodology. Most recent years and precised information are considered for performance analysis. We know the Sample Selection procedure is by the following formula, as: a. n = [pic] Where, n= Sample size Z= Standardization value indicating a confidence level S= sample standard deviation E= acceptable magnitude of error. This report is mostly evolutionary, not problem based. So our sample selection is not in a scientific way as formula stated. My selection of data is the most recent year’s annual report as I think those are most effective for prediction, comments and evaluation with the same environment. 1. 3. Data Collection Procedure The report is mainly based on exploratory research and secondary data. Different books, Annual Report, department documents, direct communication and company’s website, preceding studies have been used to get an insight. Primary information regarding SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has been gathered through my own department Managers of the company. The He ad of SCM along with some Executives were interviewed for detail information and clarifications. Financial performance of Square has been using the annual report. Direct communication is the main data collection procedure for this report. Managers’ (both local foreign section) comments helped me a lot to get sophisticated data for analyze. Moreover the practical experience is unparallel source for data development and analyze. 1. 3. 3 Procedure of Data Analysis In continuing this report I have tried to follow some methodology for comments and evaluation in any area. Those analyses are very root for the report-based analysis in any area. I have considered making this report simple, precise and lack of time. My considered tools are as follows: i. Ration analysis; ii. Regression analysis; iii. Correlation; iv. Time series analysis; . Measure of variation Average, and vi. SWOT analysis. 4. Profile of the SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 1. 4. 1 Corporate History SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited today symbolizes a name – a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. Squ are Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. More information given as table below: |1 |Year of Establishment (Initially as a Partnership) | : |1958 | |2 |Incorporated as a Private Limited Company | : |1964 | |3 |Technical Collaboration Agreement with |   |   | |   |Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Belgium |   |   | |   |(subsidiary of Johnson Johnson Internatl Ltd. | : |1975 | |4 |Technical Collaboration Agreement with |   |   | |5 |F. Hoffman-La Roche Co. Ltd. : |1984 | |6 |Converted into Public Limited Company | : |1991 | |7 |Initially Public Offering (IPO) | : |1994 | |8 |Stock Exchange Listings | : |1995 | |9 |Agreement with M/s. Bovis Tanvec Ltd. f UK for |   |   | |   |implementation of Dhaka Plant | : |1996 | |10 |Awarded ISO-9001 Certificate | : |1998 | |11 |Awarded UK-MHRA Certificate | : |2007 |    |Business Lines |: | Manufacturing and Marketing of | | | |: | Pharmaceutical Finished Products, | | | |: | Basic Chemicals, AgroVet Products | | | |: | and Pesticide Products | |a |Authorized Capital |: | Tk. ,000 million | | |b |Paid-up Capital |: | Tk. 894. 24 million | | |c |Number of Employees |: |3,570 | | | |d |Subsidiary Company |: |Square Spinning Ltd. | | | |: |Square Cephalosporins Ltd. | | | |: |Square Insulin Manufacturing Co. | | | | | | | | | |Associate Company |: |Square Textiles Ltd. | | | |: |Square Knit Fabrics Ltd. | | | | |: |Square Fashions Ltd. | | | | | |Square Hospitals Ltd. | | 1. 4. 2 Corporate Operational Results: | | | | (Figure in thousand) | | | 2008-09 | 2007-08 | 2006-07 | 2005-06 | 2004-05 | |Turnover (Gross) | 9,565,716 | 8,711,035 | 7,085,553 | 6,199,135 | 5,482,088 | |Value Added Tax | 1,307,872 | 1,210,223 | 995,648 | 867,088 | 760,536 | |Turnover (Net) | 8,257,844 | 7,500,811 | 6,089,905 | 5,332,047 | 4,721,552 | |Gross Profit | 3,401,782 | 3,232,364 | 2,564,503 | 2,172,593 | 1,906,592 | |Net Profit before Tax | 1,868,634 | 1,722,906 | 1,533,043 | 1,513,019 | 1,151,636 | |Net Profit after Tax | 1,381,863 | 1,303,243 | 1,165,865 | 1,255,848 9 70,044 | |Shareholders Equity | 8,417,041 | 7,333,258 | 6,402,015 | 5,568,790 | 4,590,142 | |Total Assets |12,703,127 |10,486,940 | 9,298,987 | 7,907,933 | 6,021,497 | |Total Bank Borrowings | 3,569,280 | 2,536,524 | 2,334,925 | 1,902,331 | 988,611 | |Total Current Assets | 4,411,836 | 3,682,511 | 4,031,685 | 3,242,502 | 2,016,056 | |Total Current Liabilities | 3,500,845 | 2,555,566 | 2,260,755 | 1,949,949 | 1,250,676 | |Current Ratio 1. 26 1. 44 1. 78 1. 66 1. 61 | |No. f Share Outstanding 8,942,400 5,961,600 4,968,000 4,320,000 3,600,000 | |Dividend per Share (Cash) 40 50 75 77 70 | |Dividend per Share (Stock) 35% 50% 20% 15% 20% | |Shareholders Equity per Share 941 820 716 623 513 | |EPS at original capital at IPO 690. 93 651. 62 582. 93 627. 92 485. 02 | |Earning per Share (SPL) 154. 53 145. 74 130. 37 140. 44 108. 48 | |Earning per Share (Consolidated) 170. 28 163. 06 151. 47 146. 64 112. 0 | |Quoted Price per Share DSE 4,110 2,447 2,276 3,768 2,272 | |Quoted Price per Share CSE 4,107 2,462 2,289 3,766 2,316 | |Price Earning Ratio-DSE (Time) 26. 60 16. 79 17. 46 26. 83 20. 94 | |Number of Shareholders 31,688 13,009 13,206 10,486 9,270 | |Human Resources: | |Executives 1,525 ,242 1,143 949 895 | |Staff 1,110 913 796 740 686 | |Workers 929 846 764 705 661 | SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited today symbolizes a name – a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. In 1996 an agreement was signed with M/s Tanvec, UK for the establishment of the second formulation unit (Dhaka Unit) at Kaliakoir, Gazipur. This factory, which is being built with a view to get the approval of USFDA/MCA, is due to be completed in the year 2000, and will without doubt, help SPL continue to command its leadership through the next millennium as well. 1. 4. 3 Mission, Vision and Objectives Vision: We view business as a means to the materials and social well beings of the investors, employees and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth through financial and moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization. Mission: Our mission is to produce and provide quality innovative healthcare relief for people, maintain stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the shareholders, stakeholders and society at large. Objectives: Our objective is to conduct transparent business operation based on market mechanism within the legal and social framework with aims to attain the mission reflected by our vision. 1. 4. 4 The Ten Principles of Global Compact (UN) The ten principles of Global Compact initiated by the UN Secretary General as have been adopted by SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. are as follows: Human Rights: I. Business should support and respect the protection and internationally proclaimed human rights within their sphere of influences; and II. Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Labor Standards: III. Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; IV. The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor; V. The effective abolition of child labor and VI. Eliminate discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Environment: VII. Business should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges, VIII. Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; and IX. Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. Ethical Standards: X. Business should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery. 1. 4. 5 Critical Events for SQUARE Followings are some events that make SQUARE more dynamic and stronger from different aspect. Those events make SQUARE different from any other. 1964 |SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited transformed into a Private Limited Company | |1991 |Converted into Public Limited Company | |1994 |Initial Public Offering of Shares SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd | |1995 |Completed construction of 14-storied Corporate Headquarters | |1995 |Enlistment with Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. | |1996 |Agreement with M/s TANVEC Ltd. of UK for implementation of Dhaka Plant, Gazipur | | |to follow Bumrungrad International Hospital, with the entire supervision of KUPPS Collaboration, Thailand. |1998 |ISO 9001 certification for SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Company | |2001 |Operation of Dhaka Plant in order to get USFDA/MCA approval and production support for expanding export operations | | |Marketing Distribution Agreement with Bioglan Laboratories Limited, UK | | |Pioneer in Manufacturing Dry Powder Inhalers in Bangladesh | |2005 |SQUARE Cephalosporin Limited established as per the regulation of CGMP to increase export over the world with total | | |supervision of Telstar Spain. This plant is the first in Bangladesh. | |2006 |Square Hospital Ltd. cost over US$45 million started its operation providing International Standard healthcare services. | | |Hospital is exclusively managed by Bumrungrad International Hospital of Thailand, only US accredited Hospital in Asia. | |2009 |SQUARE Limited is going to inaugurate its Insulin Project and SVP (small volume parenthetical and ophthalmic) project | | |with the entire supervision of Telstar Spain by this year (inject able eye medicines) | 1. 4. 6 Profile of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited Capital Structure Capital Structure | |Shareholders Equity: |Taka | |Share Capital |432000000 | |Share Premium |2035465000 | |General Reserve |105878200 | |Tax Holiday Reserve |1208110872 | |Retained Earnings |2390465078 | |Total |6171919150 | |Long Term Loan Secured |389193080 | |Minority Interest |29766940 | Corporate office: Square Center, 48 Mohakhali Commercial Area, Dhaka-1212 Distribution, Vehicle maintenance and Food proc essing Center: 35 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani 355-56 Tejgaon Industrial area Dhaka 1208 Ownership Structure Range of Holdings |No of Shareholders |No of Shares |Holdings % | |   |   |   |   | |Less than 500 |10220 |481387 |11. 14321759 | |501 to 5000 Shares |225 |267923 |6. 201921296 | |5001 to 10000 Shares |13 |87305 |2. 020949074 | |10001 to 20000 Shares |5 |61449 |1. 22430556 | |20001 to 30000 Shares |1 |28027 |0. 648773148 | |30001 to 40000 Shares |2 |65974 |1. 527175926 | |40001 to 50000 Shares |2 |93857 |2. 172615741 | |50001 to 100000 Shares |4 |298824 |6. 917222222 | |100001 to 1000000 Shares |14 |2935254 |67. 4569444 | |Over 1000000 Shares |0 |0 |0 | |   |   |   |   | |Total |10486 |4320000 |100 | SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited and Its partners Legal Advisors: a) Rafiqul-ul Huq, Bar-at-law b) Rokanuddin Mahmud, Bar-at-law c) Muniruzzaman Khan, Bar-at-law Auditors: M/S Chowdhury Bhattacharjee Co. Chartered Accountants 47/1, Indira Road Dhaka-1215, Banglade sh 1. 4. 7 SQUARE is different: SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited has extended her range of services towards the highway of global market. She pioneered exports of medicines from Bangladesh in 1981 and has been exporting antibiotics and other pharmaceutical products. This extension in business and services has manifested the credibility of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited. SQUARE STRIVE FOR †¢ We in SQUARE strive, above all, for top quality health care products at the least cost reaching the lowest rungs of the economic class of people in the country. We value our social obligations. †¢ We owe to our shareholders and strive for protection of their capital as well as ensure highest return and growth of their assets. †¢ We strive for best compensation to all the employees who constitute the back-bone of the management and operational strength of the Company through a pay-package composing salary/wages, allowances, bonus, profit participation, leave salary and superannuation retirement benefits. We strive for best co-operation of the creditors debtors the banks financial institutions who provide financial support when we need them, the suppliers of raw materials suppliers who offer them at the best prices, the providers of utilities -power, gas water etc. and the customers who buy our products services by redeeming their claim in time by making prompt payment and by distributing proper product on due dates. †¢ We strive for fulfillment of our responsibility to the Government through payment of entire range of due taxes, duties, and claim to various public agencies. †¢ We strive, as responsibilities citizen, for a social order devoid of malpractices, anti-environmental behaviors, unethical and corruptive dealings. We strive for practicing good governance in every sphere of activities covering inter alia not being limited to, disclosure reporting to shareholders holding AGM in time, distribution of dividends and other benefits to shareholders, reporting/dissemination of price sensitive information, acquisition of share by insiders, recruitment promotion of staff, procurement supplies, sale of assets etc. all that directly and indirectly affect the interest of concerned groups – the sharehold ers, the creditors, suppliers, employees, government and the public in general. 1. 5Limitation of the Study Time is a huge limitation that would mostly withstand a comprehensive study on writing any report for a fulltime service holder. Though, this is my appointed job in this area random movement inside the office and outside is very simply to do. So continuation of the daily necessary works must make the total operation often tough. Dealing with past data always lacks the presence of the people who were behind the operations at the time. The report would cover only the regular activities of the department; but many other financial benefits should reflect for keeping the department’s standard up. To analyze the actual department’s performance required expert manpower through proper cost-saving strategy. Both the issues are co-related if First one is sub standard then second one must not reach at the targeted level. Finally, this is my second job experience, so I spent a significant part of time to cope up with the work flow in Supply Chain Management of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. ? The lack of sufficient time for collecting secondary data for writing this report ? To the point inclusion of demerits of the department is obligatory. Departmental overall snapshot will hamper colleagues motivation and may make misunderstanding ? Some more technical factors are to overlook as I am working with them everyday ? As the report has to be prepared within a predetermined time interval thats why I had to work under severe pressure. If I would get enough time, the report would be more practical. Chapter 2: Introduction Profile of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 2. 1Introduction: SQUARE today symbolizes a name – a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd: Square Pharmaceuticals Limited is an organization with equal emphasis on Leadership, Technology, Quality and Passion. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is the leading branded generic pharmaceutical manufacturer in Bangladesh producing quality essential and other ethical drugs and medicines. It was established in 1958 and has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. And now Square Pharmaceuticals is set on becoming a high performance global player in the field. Ophthalmic Manufacturing Plant [pic] SQUARE group, one of the largest business conglomerates of Bangladesh, has come up with another giant step through the launching of separate ophthalmic plant. Ophthalmic products are now produced in the new state-of-the-art Ophthalmic Manufacturing Plant at Kaliakoir, Gazipur built in accordance with USFDA and UK MHRA cGMP specifications. This world class facility is based on Blow-Fill-Seal (BFS) Technology for maintaining appropriate aseptic environment. The facility is built by Telstar S. A. of Spain, a world renowned pharmaceutical manufacturing facility expert and the machines are designed and manufactured by Weiler Engineering, USA. 2. Background SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited (SPL) is the leading Pharmaceutical Company in Pharmaceuticals Industry in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991. The sales turnover of SPL was more than Taka 9. 5 Billion with about 16% market share (April 2007 – March 2008) having a growth rate of about 23%. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited has extended the range of services towards the highway of global market. She pioneered exports of medicines from Bangladesh in 1987 and has been exporting antibiotics and other pharmaceutical products. Over 23,000 people are working in Square Group at present; while the number was only 1,500 ten years back. The growth of the company is reflected in making more and more people’s life better and better everyday thus contributing to the development of the nation. US FDA/UK MHRA standard new Cephalosporins Plat has started its operation. Gets the UK MHRA approval started exporting to UK. Some new global clients are already convinced to buy SPL products. 2. 3Vision We see business as a means to the wellbeing of the investors, employees and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth through financial and moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization. 2. 4Mission Our mission is to provide quality innovative healthcare relief for people, maintain stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the shareholders and other stakeholders. 2. 5Objectives Our objectives are to conduct transparent business operations within the legal social frame work with aims to attain the mission reflected by our vision. 2. 6Corporate Focus Our vision, our mission and our objectives are to emphasize on the quality of product, process and services leading to growth of the company imbibed with good governance practices. 2. 7Square Quality Policy Ensure strict compliance with WHO GMP standards and local regulatory norms in every phase of sourcing procuring quality materials, manufacturing, quality assurance and delivery of medicines. Ensure all activities through documented Quality Management System (QMS) complying International Standard requirements of ISO 9001 through continuously developing Human Resources by regular training and participation. Square is committed to undertake appropriate review, evaluation and performance measurement of processes, business activities and Quality Management System for continual improvement to ensure highest standard, customer satisfaction, developing human resources and companys growth. Product Category of Square Pharmaceuticals †¢ Coated †¢ Capsules †¢ Suppositories †¢ Injections †¢ Liquids †¢ Oral Dry Powders †¢ Dry Powder Inhalers †¢ Metered Dose Inhalers †¢ Insulin manufacturing †¢ Ophthalmic Manufacturing 2. 8Export: Square Pharmaceuticals has invested in state of the art formulation plants aligned to regulated market standards. Four plants based on the Dhaka site can produce pharmaceutical products to the highest GMP specifications. These plants have been designed by internationally recognized firms and equipped with the best machines that can currently be found on the European and US markets. Square Pharmaceuticals has also created quality systems and SOPs according to USFDA and EU regulatory agencies specifications. These plants are: ? General Production Plant (approved by MHRA) ? Cephalosporins Plant (quality systems aligned to MHRA requirements, plant being ? Prepared for EU regulatory agencies and US FDA inspections) ? BFS plant (quality systems aligned to MHRA requirements, plant being prepared for ? EU regulatory agencies and FDA inspections ? I(insulin plant is going for production ? Ophthalmic manufacturing plant is going to open very soon Highlights: †¢ Exports pharmaceutical finished products since 1987 †¢ Offers quality products at competitive price †¢ Offers more than 250 off-patent and on-patent molecules †¢ Offers facilities for contract manufacturing †¢ Provides assistance in product promotion and training in overseas markets 2. 9Present Markets: (Asia: Bhutan, Cambodia, Maldives, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Yemen, Uzbekistan, Iraq Africa: Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Malawi, Comoro Islands (Europe: Kosovo Markets under Exploration †¢ (Asia: Malaysia, Philippines, Laos, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand †¢ (Australia: Started first time as Contract Manufacturing, †¢ (Africa: Tanzania, Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, Chad, Algeria †¢ Europe: Ukraine, Russia, England, Denmark †¢ (America: Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua 2. 10The Ten Principles of Global Compact (UN) : The ten principles of Global Compact initiated by the UN Secretary General as have been adopted by Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. are as follows: Human Rights: ) Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights within their sphere of influence; and 2) Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Labor Standards: 1) Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; 2) The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor; 3) The effective abolition of child labor and 4) Eliminate discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Environment: 1) Business should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges: 2) Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; and 3) Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. Ethical Standards: 1)Business should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery. 2. 11Square Strive for ? We in SQUARE, strive, above all, for top quality health care products at the least cost reaching the lowest rungs of the economic class of people in the country. We value our social obligations. ? We owe our shareholders and strive for protection of their capital as well as ensure highest return and growth of their assets. ? We strive for best compensation to all the employees who c onstitute the back-bone of the management and operational strength of the company through a pay-package composing salary/wages, allowances, bonuses, profit participation, leave salary and superannuation retirement benefits. We strive for the best co-operation of the creditors debtors the banks financial Institutions who provide financial support when we need them, the suppliers of raw materials suppliers who offer them at the best prices at the opportune moments, the providers of utilities-power, gas water etc. and the customers who buy our products services by redeeming their claim in time by making prompt payment and by distributing proper product on due dates to our customers. ? We strive for fulfillment of our responsibility to the government through payment of entire range of due taxes, duties and claims by various public agencies like municipalities etc. We strive, as responsible citizen, for a social order devoid of malpractices, anti-environmental behaviors, unethical and immoral activities and corruptive dealings. ? We strive for practicing good-governance in every sphere of activities covering inter alia not being limited to, disclosure reporting to shareholders, holding AGM in time, distribution of dividends and other benefits to shareholders, reporting/dissemination of price sensitive information, acquisition of shares by insiders, recruitment promotion of staff, procurement supplies, sale of assets etc. all that directly and indirectly affect the interest of concerned groups the shareholders, the creditors, suppliers, employees, government and the public in general. We strive for equality between sexs, races, religions and regions in all spheres of our operation without any discriminatory treatment. ? We strive for an environment free from pollution and poisoning. ? We strive for the achievement of millennium development goals for the human civilization 2. 12Corporate Socialization In order to play a model role for Good Governance charac teristics in the corporate sector, the company has become members of countrys leading chamber Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce Industries (MCCI), Bangladesh Association of Publicly Listed Companies (BAPLC), Central Depository Bangladesh Limited (CDBL), Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. (CSE). These memberships have provided scope to the company for improvement of Governance Practices for the benefit of the shareholders /stakeholders. Chapter: 3 Supply Chain Management Determining Supply Requirements: A) Current Standard Operating Procedure for Local purchase: 3. 1) Requisition:   Following information must be available: a) Requisition Number and date b) Specific material name, unit, qty (like Rod -60 grade, deformed bar, 12mm, brand- BSRM, 5 ton if applicable, country of origin) c) Expected date of delivery, Source of material (if any) d) Requisition prepared by, Recommendation Approval signature Catalogue or sketch may be attached according to the nature of material (if any). 3. 2) Quotation: Quotations in letter head pad with a) Date, Reference number ) Material name, Unit, Qty, amount, amount in words, Country of Origin, etc. c) Vendor’s signature, date d) Others (like delivery of material, validity of quotation) 3. 3) Comparative Statement (CS): In case of more than one quotation: A Comparative statement (CS) is to be prepared on the basis of collected quotations. All the quotation must be signed by CS preparer. Comparative statement along with all the collected quotations, are to be submitted to management for price approval. 3. 4) Work order: The information to be included on any Work Order Form is: i. Work Order Reference Number and Date ii. Full name and address of Vendor iii. Requisition number and date iv. Quotation reference number and date v. Product name, Brand, Model, Origin (if any) vi. Quantity of each item required, Per unit cost Total value, amounts in word vii. Delivery location and date including packing requirement, Payment terms, Other Terms and Condition based on applicable local law, penalty viii. Govt. Tax, Vat payment procedure ix. Signature of issuing personnel and direct supervisor in work order A copy of Work Order must be affixed with bill. 3. 5) Delivery Challan: Original delivery Challan must be attached with the bill. Every delivery challan must be mentioned the following information: a) Challan number date, ) Requisition number date, c) Work order number date (if any), d) Product name, specification quantity (as specified in requisition/work order). 3. 6) Bill: Original bill must be submitted on party’s letter head pad, mentioning the bill number date and signature. In addition to above following information to be mentioned on bill: a) Work order n umber Requisition number (For spot purchase) b) Delivery challan number and date c) Product name, specification and quantity as per challan d) Amount in figure and amount in words 3. 7) Material Receive Report must be enclosed with delivery challan Bill Verification and payment recommendation Recommended amount must be mentioned by recommendee and initial must be available in all supporting/attached documents. B)Current Standard Operating Procedure for International Trade: Considering some common procedures like Local Purchase some more activities that make it different. New operating procedures are : i. Block List must be prepared mentioning Time, Quantity, Price Currency, Mode of shipment and new vendor inclusion ii. Awarding business among approved foreign vendors or manufacturers iii. Indent collection and compliance with : BL a) Beneficiary, Mode of shipment, HS Code b) Merchandise, quantity, Price, currency c) Other terms v. LC Opening/Work order to verify against Indent Block list, Insurance, Bank selection and LC processing time, etc. v. Shipment follow-up: Expected time of shipment, LC Validity, amendment complete set of documents, etc. vi. Custom clearance: Drug clearance, Bank clearance, minimize port demurrage etc. vii. Lead time analysis: Arrival document , delivery commitment etc. viii. New product’s launching status: RM PM status, stock in transit quantity time, Launching time ix. Savings from purchase x. Supplier’s performance evaluation xi. Country wise business volume xii. Processing back voucher xiii. CF Agent’s bill processing xiv. Claim handling for rejected material, pilferage etc. Chapter: 4 Supply Chain Management ? Introduction to Supply Chain Management ? Relation of Supply Chain Management with other function ? Difference between Commercial and Consumer Acquisition ? Flexibility, Inventory and Customer Services ? Commercial Department in SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. ? Responsibilities of Commercial Department are as follow ? Summary 4. 1Introduction to Supply Chain Management Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed). As a solution for successful supply chain management, sophisticated software systems with Web interfaces are competing with Web-based application service providers (ASP) who promise to provide part or all of the SCM service for companies who rent their service. Supply chain management (SCM) deals with the planning and execution issues involved in managing a supply chain. The components of SCM are: †¢ Demand planning: (forecasting) Demand collaboration: (collaborative resolution process to determine consensus forecasts) †¢ Order promising: (When can one promise a product to a customer taking account lead times and constraints) †¢ Strategic network optimization: (what plants and DCs should serve what markets for what products) (monthly yearly) †¢ Production and distribution planning: (Coordinate the actual production and distribution plans for a whole enterprise) (daily) †¢ Production scheduling: (For a single location create a feasible production schedule) (minute by minute) †¢ Transportation planning: (For multiple supply, manufacturer, distributor and warehousing points in a network) †¢ Tracking and Measuring: (An ever increasing aspect of supply chain management designed to highlight potential against the plan and possible process improvements) †¢ Plan of reduction of costs and management of the performance (diagnosis of the potential and the indicators, the organization and clarification strategic, masters dysfunctions in real time, evaluation and accounting reporting, evaluation and reporting quality) 4. 2Relation of Supply Chain with other department Flow of Supply Chain Management in SQUARE: Supply chain management flows can be divided into thre e main flows: †¢ The product flow of SQUARE †¢ The information flow of SQUARE †¢ The finances flow of SQUARE In brief: The product flow of SQUARE includes the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service needs. The information flow of SQUARE involves transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. The financial flow of SQUARE consists of credit terms, payment schedules, and consignment and title ownership arrangements. Supply Chain Management Software: There are two main types of SCM software: i. Planning applications for SQUARE, and ii. Execution applications for SQUARE. ? Planning applications use advanced algorithms to determine the best way to fill an order. ? Execution applications track the physical status of goods, the management of materials, and financial information involving all parties. Some SCM applications are based on open data models that support the sharing of data both inside and outside the enterprise (this is called the extended enterprise, and includes key suppliers, manufacturers, and end customers of a specific company). This shared data may reside in diverse database systems, or data warehouses, at several different sites and companies. By sharing this data upstream (with a companys suppliers) and downstream (with a companys clients), SCM applications have the potential to improve the time-to-market of products, reduce costs, and allow all parties in the supply chain to better manage current resources and plan for future needs. Increasing numbers of companies are turning to Web sites and Web-based applications as part of the SCM solution. A number of major Web sites offer e-procurement marketplaces where manufacturers can trade and even make auction bids wi

Essay Book of Faces

Essay Book of Faces Essay Book of Faces Amongst the greatest inventions of our century are the hordes of social networking sites made available to the entire world. Combining the capabilities of e-mail, instant messaging, journal writing, and picture sharing- they have allowed us to overcome communal differences and surmount even the biggest gaps between generations, cultures, and livelihoods. But even these social web innovations have their adverse effects. The ability to create a whole new persona with the simple strokes of keys and the click of a button has allowed for an even more dangerous field of unknown to be discovered by the people around you; almost as if everyone now wears a virtual mask to cover up who they really might be on the inside. This new height of pretense has crippled the idea of integrity. The people you see at school, at work, even at church may be the quiet and shy person you have come to know and accept. But through websites such as Facebook, you can have a peek into how they would really like to portray themselves- how they spend their time, who they spend it with, what they like and dislike, and all their preferences available and editable to their will. With the hundreds of ‘Friends’ people have connected to their online profiles, how many of them can really truly say that they know exactly how they act and what they think or like? And how many of those people can even answer without ever looking at all their online ‘Info’ first? These are the questions that result from such lack of truth. This is what happens when diving into the world of Facebook- everyone’s essentially a stranger. At school, almost everyone I know has somehow interacted with me on Facebook. As with all the new people I meet, I somehow always end the conversation with, â€Å"Alright, be sure to Facebook me!† or something along those lines. At work, my coworkers and I discuss the many different trending things happening on everyone’s ‘Walls’ or taking turns asking, â€Å"Did you see so-and-so’s status?† At church, and in local supermarkets, and on TV and the radio, all the buzz is about ‘uploading to Facebook’ or ‘Liking’ or ‘Poke Wars.’ Which proves only the fact that people everywhere- even in your very own community, involuntarily believe in the facades that they see after ‘Accepting’ someone’s friend request. The information that is shown on Facebook is fully customizable, so each and every user has the ability to show what they like and whom they want it to be visible to. This in itself is already masking out one’s true identity, whether or not all the things posted were accurate or not. Most people find it so regular to see that some people even have faces of celebrities as their own ‘Profile Picture.’ Why does everyone do that? To make themselves feel better? To feel special and important? Jose Antonio Vargas, renowned jour nalist of the Washington Post, wrote â€Å"The Face of Facebook,† an unexpected view of the founder of Facebook himself- Mark Zuckerberg. Vargas also sees that â€Å"Facebook profiles are always something of a performance: you choose the details you want to share and you choose whom you want to share with.† The most interesting part is that Vargas notes â€Å"Now, Zuckerberg, who met with me for several in-person interviews this summer, is confronting something of the opposite: a public exposition of details that he didn’t choose.† (Vargas) This information is of the highest level of bewilderment; the founder of Facebook himself does not even correctly portray who he is on his Facebook profile! With even the most popular individuals, groups, and organizations now on Facebook, how can we be so sure into trusting what they want us to see? Even at a comfortable level of familiarity with ‘Friends,’ when do you draw the line between the Facebook w orld and the real one? As a student, I am surrounded by people getting affected by this phenomenon on a daily basis. The people I talk to may seem to be one thing on their profile, maybe a nice, social, hipster kind of